Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease in dogs, caused by a decline in the function of the thyroid gland and, as a result, a deficiency of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). These hormones are responsible for regulating the body’s metabolism, and therefore a lack of them affects the function of many systems. The disease is common mainly in middle-aged dogs and in certain breeds such as Golden Retriever, Doberman Pinscher and Labrador Retriever.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of hypothyroidism include increased fatigue, weight gain despite a decrease in food consumption, hair loss, dry and thick skin, intolerance to cold, a decline in general activity and depression. The disease is diagnosed through blood tests to identify low levels of thyroid hormones (T4) and high levels of TSH, which indicate impaired thyroid gland function.

Possible Complications

Without treatment, hypothyroidism may cause complications such as severe damage to the skin and fur, chronic skin infections, neurological problems, a decrease in heart rate and a significant decline in the dog's quality of life.

Treatment

The treatment of hypothyroidism includes administering synthetic thyroid hormones (Levothyroxine) at a dose individually adjusted to the dog. After the start of treatment, periodic blood tests must be carried out to ensure that the hormone levels are balanced and to adjust the dose as necessary. In most cases, dogs that are treated correctly return to a normal quality of life.

Prevention

Since hypothyroidism is a hereditary condition in most cases, there is no way to prevent it completely. However, routine medical follow-up and periodic examinations for dogs of breeds prone to the disease can help with early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

Hypothyroidism is a chronic disease that can be managed through medication therapy and ongoing follow-up. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly improve the dog’s quality of life and prevent complications. Dog owners should be alert to the suspicious symptoms and seek veterinary advice in the event of a suspicion of the disease.